EQUILIBRIUM

Chemical equilibrium is an alternating reaction state in which the reactant reaction rate and product are the same and the concentrations of both remain. 

Chemical equilibrium occurs only in an alternating reaction in which the rate at which the reactant is formed is equal to the rate at which the product is formed.

Chemical equilibrium is dynamic so it is often called dynamic equilibrium. Dynamic equilibrium is a back and forth reaction when the concentration state is fixed 

but in fact the reaction still occurs (continuously). Dynamic equilibrium does not occur macroscopically but

microscopically (particle matter). Here's an explanation of chemical equilibrium.

The characteristics of the state of an alternating reaction are weighted as follows.

1.     Occurs in a sealed container, at a constant temperature and pressure.

2.     The reaction goes on continuously (dynamically) in two opposite directions.

3.     The reaction rate to the reactant is the same as the reaction rate to the product.

4.     The concentrations of products and reactants remain.

5.     Occurs microscopically on the particle matter level.

Effect of Substance Concentration on chemical equilibrium

If the concentration of one of the substances is added, then the equilibrium reaction will be shifted from 

the direction (away from) the substance plus its concentration.

If the concentration of one of the substances is reduced, the equilibrium 

reaction will shift toward the substance minus its concentration.

Example: In the following reaction equation.

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) equals 2NH3 (g) H equals -92 kilo joules

When the N2 concentration is added then the equilibrium reaction will shift to the right, 

because when the concentration of the substance is added then the equilibrium 

reaction will shift from the added direction of the concentration.

If the N2 concentration is reduced then the equilibrium reaction will shift to the left, 

because if the concentration of the substance is reduced 

the equilibrium reaction will shift in the direction plus the concentration.

Effect of Pressure and Volume on chemical equilibrium

When the pressure on the system plus / volume is reduced, the equilibrium reaction will shift toward the smaller number of molecules. When the pressure on the system is reduced / the volume is increased then the equilibrium reaction will shift toward the larger number of molecules.

"Pressure and Volume inversely proportional"

If the pressure on the system is added then the equilibrium reaction will shift to the right, because if the pressure is added then the equilibrium reaction will shift toward the smaller number of molecules ie 2.

If the volume on the system is reduced then the equilibrium reaction will shift to the right, because if the system volume is reduced then the equilibrium reaction will shift toward the smaller number of molecules ie 2.

If the pressure on the system is reduced then the equilibrium reaction will shift to the left, because if the pressure is added then the equilibrium reaction will shift toward the larger number of molecules ie 4.

 If the volume in the system is added then the equilibrium reaction will shift to the left, because if the system volume is added then the equilibrium reaction will shift toward the larger number of molecules ie 4.

Effect of Temperature on chemical equilibrium

When the system temperature is raised, the equilibrium reaction 

shifts toward a reaction that requires heat (endotherm).

When the system temperature is reduced then the equilibrium counter will 

shift toward a heat release agent (exothermic).

Example: In the equation of the reaction

[A] + [B] CONSIDERED [C] H = -X

[C] is an exothermic reaction (releasing heat) and [A] + [B] is an 

endotherm reaction (requires heat).

If the temperature is raised then the equilibrium reaction will shift to the left because if the system temperature 

is increased then the equilibrium reaction will shift toward the reaction that requires the heat (endotherm).

If the temperature is lowered then the equilibrium reaction will shift to the right because if the temperature of the system is 

raised then the equilibrium reaction will shift towards the reaction that releases heat (exotherm).

The Law of Chemical Equilibrium

The law of chemical equilibrium or the equilibrium constant is the ratio of the product of the concentration of the product 

of the respective kofisien rank with the concentration of each of their respective kofisien reactants. 

The regular stability constant is symbolized by "K" or "Kc"

Heterogeneous Equilibrium

In equilibrium heterogeneous equations the substtances involved in the reaction are not equal, so that taken to determine the

equilibrium constant is the concentration of the substance whose equilibrium constant is affected ie the solution and the gas.

Homogeneous Equilibrium

In equilibrium heterogeneous equilibrium the substances involved in the same reaction, so that all the concentration of the 

substance is used to determine the equilibrium constant. But keep in mind, that the equilibrium constant is only a gas and a solution.

PLEASE WATCHING FOR MY VIDEOS
https://youtu.be/mvI1UA2EI4Q